The bill of lading (B/L or BoL Bills of Lading) is one of the most important commercial documents in the field of international transportation that records the details of shipping and delivery of goods. This document officially and legally defines the ownership of goods and its delivery conditions and plays an important role in maintaining the rights and obligations of the parties in commercial contracts. There are different types of B/L based on the type of transport, each of which has its own characteristics and uses. For example, sea, air, road and rail waybills are used for sea transport, air transport, land transport and rail transport respectively. Each of these types of bill of lading has its own requirements and specifications.
B/L is a legal document signed between the cargo owner and the shipping company. This document contains details about the cargo and its movement, and makes the parties to the contract know what they need to do. As a legal document, the bill of lading determines the rights and duties of the parties.
This document allows the cargo owner to use his rights in case of problems in moving the cargo and to use the judicial authorities if necessary. Therefore, the importance of the letter as a legal document is very high and the correctness of its content will be very vital for the parties.
Therefore, we must be very careful in signing the B/L and ensure that all the conditions and details related to the movement of cargo are properly recorded in it. This document assures the cargo owner that the cargo transportation will be carried out in accordance with the contract agreements. In case of any problems and damages, the rights and duties of the parties will be clear and enforceable.
In every letter cargo, the full details of the recipient, the sender and the detailed description of the cargo must be written. These specifications include the following:
• Detailed specifications of the sender and recipient of the cargo, including first and last name, national code, address, etc.
• The exact address of the cargo delivery location
• The exact time and date of the shipper’s presence at the loading location to load the cargo
• The exact time and date of the consignee’s presence at the loading location to deliver the cargo
Detailed description of shipping costs (which costs will be borne by the recipient and which costs will be borne by the sender)
• Details of the goods in terms of number, weight and dimensions (length, width and height) accurately
First of all, we should know that the types of cargo are generally divided into two large categories, negotiable and non-negotiable.
Negotiable bills of lading have the ability to be transferred to other persons and the person who holds the bill of lading is actually known as the owner of the bill of lading. Non-negotiable bills of lading are issued in the name of the real owner of the cargo, are endorsed and cannot be transferred to others.
There are different types of bills of lading according to different applications and transportation conditions. In the following, we will get to know some important types of B/L:
The advantages of this method are extensive:
It is used to transport goods by plane. This bill of lading contains the same information as the marine B/L; with the difference that it is designed for air transport. Air B/L rules are such that the shipper can change the consignee’s name and address before boarding the plane. Before the plane lands, the shipper can even return the cargo and file a reclaim request.
An airmail cargo must contain the following information accurately:
• Sender and recipient information (name, address, etc.)
• 3-digit airline company code
• 3 letter code of origin airport and 3 letter code of destination airport
• Flight number and date
• Shipping rate per unit weight
• Total Amount
• Description and description of goods including the number of cargo packages, cargo weight including pallets and packaging, and weight equivalent to cargo volume
It is used to transport goods by road and cars and trucks. This time, the letter records information such as the name of the transport company, origin and destination, description of goods, weight, value, etc.
It is used for the transportation of goods by railways and records the information related to the transportation. In addition to the important information mentioned in the previous letters, information such as wagon number and information required by customs must also be mentioned in the railway B/L.
A charter B/L is issued when a ship or other vehicle used to carry cargo is fully chartered by a person or company. In fact, the charter bill of lading is a type of closed document.
In some situations, we need to use more than one transportation method to transport a shipment from origin to destination. In this situation, B/L of international shipment will be issued. Usually, the company that is responsible for the first stage of cargo transportation issues this type of waybill and is responsible for arranging other transportation methods to the destination. This B/L is negotiable.
This type of B/L is for composite carriers. This document can also be issued as a sea waybill and the seal of the International Chamber of Commerce and the Fiat Organization will be required. Fiat B/L is a document that is issued for shipping and delivery of goods and has the ability to trade and transfer.
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